Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections

Article Title: Induction of amphotericin B resistance in susceptible Candida auris by extracellular vesicles

doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2098058

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differences and similarities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Candida auris using two culture methods. F3–F8 fractions correspond to densities of 1.044, 1.061, 1.065, 1.087, 1.101, and 1.127 ± 0.01 g/L, respectively. (a) Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) of all separated iodixanol fractions from broth and agar cultures, n = 3. (b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of separated iodixanol fractions from broth and agar cultures. Three grid positions were interrogated per sample, n = 3. Scale bars = 200 nm. (c) Representative TEM micrographs of the fractions containing the highest concentration of EVs. (d) Pooled comparison of the relative amount of EVs found in each fraction measured through NTA and bicinchoninic acid protein measurement assay, n = 3.

Article Snippet: Next, the pellets were resuspended in PBS and then subjected to particle separation via layered iodixanol (OptiPrep, Stemcell Technologies, Canada) density gradient ultracentrifugation at 100,000 ×g for 16 h at 4°C.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay

Journal: Biophysical Journal

Article Title: Birefringence Changes of Dendrites in Mouse Hippocampal Slices Revealed with Polarizing Microscopy

doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.016

Figure Lengend Snippet: A retardance map (A) and a combination map (B) of retardance (brightness) and slow axis orientation (color) of mouse hippocampus slice immersed in ACSF with 54% (w/v) of iodixanol. An bjective lens, Olympus XLUMPLANFL 20×, NA 0.95, was used. Scale bars, 100 μm. In (A), white arrowheads indicate bright streaks running parallel to the stratum radiatum, and black arrowheads indicate dark streaks running perpendicular to the stratum radiatum. Scale bars, 100 μm. The color wheel in (B) on the top right shows the reference for the local slow axis orientation of birefringence. (C) Transmitted light and (D) LC-PolScope image of primary cultured hippocampal neurons show a cell body (right top) and neurites. An objective lens, PlanApo VC 60×, NA 1.4 (Nikon), was used. Scale bars, 10 μm. In (D), the color (hue) indicates the slow axis orientation, and the brightness indicates the retardance value. An area enclosed by a white square in (D) is magnified as an inset at the left-bottom corner. The color wheel on the top right shows the reference for the local slow axis orientation of birefringence. To see this figure in color, go online.

Article Snippet: For imaging birefringence of single neurons in hippocampus slices, we prepared ACSF with 54% of iodixanol by mixing 10× concentrated ACSF with 60% of iodixanol (Optiprep; STEMCELL Technologies, MA, USA).

Techniques: Cell Culture